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[[File:Neopronounflag.png|thumb|220x220px|
[[File:Neopronoun Flag.png|thumb|220x220px|
'''Neopronouns''' are any set of singular third-person [[pronouns]] that are not officially recognized in the language they are used in,
[[File:Neopronouns.png|thumb|220x220px|A neopronoun user flag
Some
== Regional Nominative Pronouns ==
Some regional dialects of English historically had or still have gender
These pronouns do not strictly fit the definition of neopronouns, as they developed naturally in the language and, as far as we know, were not created by
=== A (nominative only) ===
In 1789, William H. Marshall documented the use of ''a'', used by 14th century English writer, John of Trevisa. Both the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and Wright's English Dialect Dictionary confirm the use of "a" in place of "he," "she," "it," "they," and even "I." It is a reduced form of the [[wikipedia:Old English|Old English]] pronoun, "he," meaning "he" and "heo" meaning "she
=== Ou (nominative only) ===
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=== Yo (nominative only) ===
In addition to an interjection and greeting, ''yo'' is a gender-neutral pronoun in a dialect of [[wikipedia:African-American Vernacular English|African-American Vernacular English]] (AAVE) spoken by middle school students in Baltimore, Maryland, the student body of which is 97% African-American. These students had spontaneously created the pronoun as early as 2004, and commonly used it. A study by Stotko and Troyer in 2007 examined this pronoun. The speakers used ''yo'' only for same-age peers, not adults or authorities. The speakers thought of it as a slang word that was informal, but they also thought if it as just as acceptable as ''he'' or ''she''. ''Yo'' was used for
== List of Neopronouns ==
There have been many instances of
[[File:Thon thons.png|thumb|The thon/thons pronoun user flag ]]
=== Thon ===
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|Pronominal Possessive
|Thons
|Thon walked ''
|/ðɑnz/
|-
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|/ðɑnsɛlf/
|}
One of the first known instances of someone purposely creating a new gender
[[File:E em.png|thumb|The e/em pronoun user flag]]
=== E ===
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In 1977, a version in which all forms starts with capital letters was independently created by psychologist Donald G. MacKay of the University of California at Los Angeles. In 1989 an identical version it was independently created by Victor J. Stone, Professor of Law.
[[File:Ae aer.png|thumb|The ae/aer pronoun user flag]]
=== Ae ===
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|/ɛ<sup>ɹ</sup>sɛlf/
|}
In his 1920 novel, ''A Voyage to Arcturus'', David Lindsay invented the ''ae'' pronoun set for an alien race, which were born from air and of a third sex. These pronouns are still somewhat well known on the internet.
[[File:Co cos.png|thumb|The co/cos pronoun user flag]]
=== Co ===
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|-
|Pronominal Possessive
|Cos
|Co walked ''cos
|/koz/
|-
|Predicative Possessive
|Cos
|If I need a phone my friend will let me borrow ''
|/koz/
|-
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|/kosɛlf/
|}
[[File:Ve vir.png|thumb|The vi/vir pronoun user flag]]
=== Ve ===
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|Vers/Virs
|If I need a phone my friend will let me borrow ''vers''/''virs''.
|/və<sup>ɹ</sup>z/
|-
|Reflexive
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<sup>†</sup>Both spellings can be pronounced either way.
The ''ve'' pronoun set was created sometime in the early 1970s. It is unclear who originally invented this pronoun set or when, and it is possible that
=== Xe ===
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|/zɛmsɛlf/
|}
This pronoun set appears to have been first coined by Don Rickter in an issue of ''Unitarian Universalist'' published in May 1973. This coining is affirmed by Mario Pei, who gave Rickter credit in his 1978 book ''Weasel Words''.<ref>https://books.google.com/books/about/Weasel_words.html?id=j9RZAAAAMAAJ</ref> This set has a large amount of variations; alternate
* Nominative: Xhe, xey
* Accusative: Xer, xim, xym
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* Predicative possessive: Xirs, xis, xers, or xeirs
* Reflexive: Xirself, xyrself, ximself, xymself, or xerself
[[File:Per pers.png|thumb|The per/pers pronoun user flag]]
=== Per (person pronouns) ===
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|/pə<sup>ɹ</sup>sɛlf/
|}
Known as "person pronouns", these are meant to be used for
=== Ey (Elverson pronouns) ===
[[File:Ey em.png|thumb|The ey/em pronoun user flag]]
{| class="article-table"
!Case
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|/ɛmsɛlf/
|}
The Elverson pronouns were created by Christine M. Elverson of Skokie, Illinois, to win a contest to create an alternative to the singular ''they'' in 1975. They were formed by dropping the first two letters from ''they'' and its inflections.
It is unclear what sort of lexical agreement these pronouns would take. The pronouns can only be used as singular pronouns, so they could presumably be conjugated the same way as other singular pronoun sets (ie: "Ey ''was'' eating.") However, since these pronouns were based
[[File:Hu hum.png|thumb|The hu/hum pronoun user flag]]
=== Hu (humanist pronouns) ===
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|/hjusɛlf/
|}
<sup>†</sup>Pronunciation is assumed to match that in 'human' both for the theme and to distinguish it from the word 'who
Also known as "humanist pronouns
=== E (Spivak pronouns) ===
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|/ɛmsɛlf/
|}
The "Spivak pronouns" were created in 1990 by Michael Spivak. They were used in his manual ''The Joy of TeX'' so that no
=== Ze ===
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|/zə<sup>ɹ</sup>sɛlf/
|}
Similar to the ''xe'' pronoun set, there are several different versions of this pronoun set. ''Ze'' is also pronounced the same way as ''xe''. It was likely based on the German plural
Another version was possibly independently created by Kate Bornstein in the 1998 book ''My Gender Workbook''. This version uses ''ze'' (sometimes ''zie'' or ''sie'') and ''hir''. The most popular variation of these pronouns are based on this version and were created in 2013.
[[File:Fae faer.png|thumb|The fae/faer pronoun user flag]]
=== Fae ===
{| class="article-table"
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|/fɛ<sup>ɹ</sup>sɛlf/
|}
The ''fae'' pronouns are a
== Other ==
== Other Non-Standard Pronouns ==▼
These pronouns may or may not strictly fall into the category of neopronouns, but do not fall within the standard usage of pronouns in English.
[[File:Itits.png|thumb|220x220px|The it/its pronoun user flag.]]
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|It has to drive ''itself'' to school.
|}
[[File:It its pronouns.png|thumb|220x220px|
Some
[[File:One one's.png|thumb|The one/one's pronoun user flag]]
=== One ===
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|One has to drive ''oneself'' to school.
|}
''One'' is a gender
=== Alternating Pronouns ===
Instead of using an alternative or gender
=== No Pronouns/Pronoun Dropping ===
Also called non-pronouns, null pronouns, or [[Nullpronoun|pronounless]]. Some
===Nounself Pronouns===
[[Nounself Pronouns|Nounself]] pronouns are type of neopronoun
=== Emojiself Pronouns ===
[[Emojiself Pronouns|Emojiself
===
[[Namepronouns|Nameself]] pronouns are a type of neopronoun that derive from an individual's name, or a shortened/altered version of it. It can sometimes be considered a form of pronoun dropping. For example, someone named Samantha may use sam/sams pronouns.
[[Objectpronouns|Objectself]] are a type of neopronoun which refers itself to objects, these could be related to food, to furniture, to anything that is considered an ‘object’ which by definition would be a physical thing. For example a person may use choco/chocolate pronouns.
== Flags ==
The purple neopronoun flag was designed by DeviantArt user Geekycorn on April 25, 2020. The stripes, in order, represent agender neopronoun users, neopronoun-using men, neopronoun-using women, nonbinary/genderqueer/other neopronoun users, and multigender neopronoun users.
The green and orange neopronoun flag was designed by Tumblr user Ferns-Garden/Beanjamoose on or before
The green and purple neopronoun flag was redesigned by Tumblr user Uncommongenders on June 5, 2018. The meaning is unknown.<ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20181216171544/https://uncommongenders.tumblr.com/post/174605594564/okay-so-i-wanted-to-make-hq-versions-of</ref><ref>{{Archive|Site=web|URL=https://uncommongenders.home.blog/2018/06/05/okay-so-i-wanted-to-make-hq-versions-of/}}</ref>
The
The
==
<references />
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Pronouns]]
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