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'''Sexual orientation''' is an unchangeable and involuntary aspect of [[sexuality]] that refers to the [[gender]](s) or [[gender alignment]]s<ref>https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/definitions-and-pronoun-usage</ref> that an individual feels [[sexual attraction]] towards and how that sexual attraction is experienced.<ref>https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/bias-free-language/sexual-orientation</ref>
'''Sexual orientation''' or '''sexuality''' is a term that refers to the gender or genders one feels [[Sexual Attraction|sexual attraction]] to and how one feels sexual attraction. Typically, sexual orientation labels are derived using a prefix combined with the suffix "-sexual." [[Asexual]], [[bisexual]], [[Straight|heterosexual]], and [[demisexual]] are all examples of sexual orientations. Other labels that do not use the "-sexual" suffix, such as [[gay]], [[lesbian]], and [[trixic]], can also be used to describe one's sexuality. ▼
▲
The romantic counterpart is [[Romantic Orientation|romantic orientation]]. For most [[perioriented]] individuals, sexual orientation is the only label used, as one's romantic orientation can be assumed to be the same unless specified otherwise. For [[Asexual Spectrum|ace-spec]], [[Aromantic Spectrum|aro-spec]], or otherwise [[varioriented]] individuals, it is often useful to identify with separate sexual and romantic orientations.▼
An individual who experiences no sexual attraction, or only experiences it rarely or weakly, may consider themselves [[asexual]].
▲The romantic counterpart is [[
==History==
The term sexual orientation was created by various sexologists, or social scientists who observed and catalogued sexuality
In addition, Ulrichs created four terms describing variations of urning, including mannling, or a [[masculine]] urning
▲:*Dioning, comparable to the term "heterosexual."
▲:*[[Uranian|Urning]], comparable to the term "homosexual."
▲:*Urano-Dioning, comparable to the modern term bisexual.
▲In addition, Ulrichs created four terms describing variations of urning, including mannling or a [[masculine]] urning, weibling or a [[feminine]] or "effeminate" urning, zwischen or a somewhat manly and somewhat "effeminate" urning that is comparable to [[androgynous]], and virilised or an urning that sexually behaves like a dioning, comparable to [[Straight passing|straight-passing]].
In 1894, Richard von Krafft-Ebing created the terms "homosexual" and "heterosexual" in his sexology book ''Psychopathia Sexualis'',<ref>[https://archive.org/details/PsychopathiaSexualis1000006945 Archived copy of ''Psychopathia Sexualis''.]</ref> leading to the long-standing medicalization of [[LGBT+]] identities and association between [[queer]] sexuality and mental health and neurodivergence.<ref>[https://openlibrary.org/books/OL4740908M/The_History_of_Sexuality ''The History of Sexuality'', Michel Foucault, originally published in 1976, republished by Pantheon Books in 1978.]</ref>
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The [[Kinsey Scale|Kinsey scale]], also called the Heterosexual-Homosexual Rating Scale, was first published in ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'' in 1948 and was also featured in the 1953 sequel report ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female''.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.187552 Archived copy of Alfred Kinsey's ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male''.]</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/sexualbehaviorin00inst Archived copy of Alfred Kinsey's ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Female''.]</ref> The Kinsey scale provides a classification of sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or desire in one's history at a given time rather than assuming that individuals are either exclusively heterosexual or exclusively homosexual.
The stigmatization of those who would not be classified as heterosexual, including heterosexual [[trans]] individuals, in the early and mid 1900s led to political organizing in the US around individualized marginalized sexual orientations and sometimes [[
==Culture==
Open identification of one's sexual orientation, especially if not straight
Integration of sexual orientation with sociocultural identity may be a challenge for LGBT individuals. Individuals may or may not consider their sexual orientation to define their sexual identity, as they may experience various degrees of fluidity<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-011-9761-1 "Stability and Change in Sexual Orientation Identity Over a 10-Year Period in Adulthood," Steven E. Mock and Richard P. Eibach, ''Archives of Sexual Behavior''.]</ref> or may simply identify more strongly with another aspect of their identity, such as family role.<ref>[https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-23978-001 "Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation," Hazel R. Markus and Shinobu Kitayama, ''Psychological Review''.]</ref>
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*[https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation/sexual-orientation Planned Parenthood article on sexual orientation.]
*[https://yoursexualorientation.info/ "A Guide For People Who Question Their Sexual Orientation" by Richard H. Reams, Ph.D.]
*[https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/diversity/education/transgender-and-gender-nonconforming-patients/definitions-and-pronoun-usage American Psychiatric Association article for sexual orientation]
*[https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/bias-free-language/sexual-orientation American Psychological Association article for sexual orientation]
==References==
<references />
[[Category:Terminology]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
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